Final Exam study guide

1. Explain how to get to the server drives and your folder.
Double click on server drives on the desktop to activate them. Then go to start, right click, click explore, go to T drive, photojournalism, 8th period, and then find your name.

2. Explain how we use blogger.com in this class
Blogger.com is where we do all of our assignments. We post them on out very own blog.

3. Explain the process of creating a pinhole camera
The materials you need are...

• An oatmeal can
• Black construction paper
• Scissors
• A sewing pin
• Glue
• A Blade
• Foil
• Black duct tape

First cover up the whole inside of the can with the black construction paper. If there is any spots of the cans that isn't covered you can use the black duct tape. Then cover up the can lid with construction paper and duct tape also. Then cut a rectangular shape the size of your pinkie finger in the middle of the can like a flap. Then cut out a piece of foil the size of you're rectangular hole. Make sure the foil isn't wrinkled. The foil has to be smooth. Get the foil and tape it on the inside of the can with duct tape covering the hole. Once you're done get the sewing needle and poke a tiny whole in the middle of the foil. After than tape the flap on the outside of you're can and you are done.


4. Explain how the pinhole camera works and how the image is transferred to the paper inside
Well the hole that was made in the pinhole camera is for light to come in when you open the flap. BUT before you let light into your camera you need to put the paper in first. When you put the paper in you have to make sure you're in a darkroom. While putting the paper in you have to have the shiny side facing towards the hole. Then close the lid and while still in the darkroom and make sure the paper doesn't shake around while inside. Then you go outside in the daylight and find something to take a picture of. You open the flap for however many seconds you need to and then close it. When you do that light is going inside of your pinhole and going onto the negative paper.

5. Know how to define and explain the 10 rules of composition, these 10 rules will be a MAJOR portion of the final and you better know how to recognize these rules, explain these rules and show me you understand them:

5a.  Rule of thirds- the subject of your picture is in one of the corners divided by 2 lines and 3 vertical lines.

5b. Balancing Elements- balancing the photo with weight on each side to fill up space.

5c. Leading Lines- lines that drag you to the main subject of the photograph.

5d. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- by dividing the picture in half and each side will look similar. Could be used with architectural buildings.

5e. Viewpoint- taking a picture from high above, down at ground level, from the side, from the back and even close up so that the viewpoint has a massive effect on the composition.

5f. Background/simplicity- making sure the background doesn't blend in with the subject.

5g. Create depth- the foreground, middle ground, and background are all in focus so that it looks like you can just walk into the photo.

5h. Framing- having an object around the edges to the photo to help isolate the main subject.

5i. Cropping- cropping tight around the subject to eliminate the background clutter, making sure the main subject gets the viewers undivided attention.

5j. Mergers and avoiding them- making sure nothing in the background blends in with the subject so that it doesn't confuse the viewer's eye.

6. Explain how action and emotion impact a photograph
Action and emotion can really affect a viewer's feeling. Emotional pictures will made you sad or happy and action will fill you up with suspense.

7. Explain how a photo can "tell a story"
The photo can have a lot of detail and emotion.

8. Explain what the word "multimedia" means and share some examples of how we have seen them in class
a video with text, audio, still images, animations, and interactivity.

9. Know how to correctly write a caption. I HIGHLY suggest you rewrite the rules on your blog and find at least 2 photos on the internet, post them on your blog and write correct captions for them. This will be a MAJOR portion of the exam as well.

10. Explain how "strong action" verbs enhance a caption
It provides more imagery.

11. Explain how ethics come into play in regards to photojournalism and compare and contrast this with fashion photography. You really need to get the idea that changing photos to fit a need or to make something look like something else is VERY unacceptable in photojournalism.
Photojournalism is all about showing people the reality of the world and what's going on around us. Fashion photography is all about perfection and beauty. If a model doesn't look perfect in a photo it will be fixed, but with photojournalism it's not okay to be fake. 

12. Explain the difference between a portrait and a self portrait.
The self portrait is taken of yourself and the portrait is taken of others.

13. Explain what characteristics of a good portrait are.
Good contrast, composition, one element that reveals the subjects personality.

14. Explain what the major differences are between newspaper and yearbook.
Yearbook class is all about taking pictures for the yearbook and designing the sheets that go in it.
Newspaper is where students can express their feelings and opinions in the school newspaper.

 Definitions

1. Aperture- the camera allows you to select the aperture over the available range and have the camera calculate the best shutter speed to expose the image correctly.
2. Shutter- a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.
3. Exposure- the total amount of light allowed to fall in the photograhic medium or during the process of taking a photograph.
4. F-stop- A measure of the size of the opening in a lens calibrated to a corresponding focal length.
5. Single lens reflex- a camera that typically uses a semi-automatic moving mirror system that permits the photographer to see exactly what will be captured by the film or digital imaging system.
6. Negative- a total inversion of a positive image, in which light areas appear dark and vice versa.
7. Positive- having the same rendition of light and shade as in the original scene.
8. Contact sheet- a sheet of paper that contains all of the pictures you had on your film.
9. Agitation- keeps a chemical moving.
10. Enlarger- a specialized transparency projector used to produce photographic prints for film.
11. Stop bath- an acid rinse for stopping the action of a developer before fixing a negative or print.
12. Fixer- removes the undeveloped silver iodide from the emulsion.
13. Safe light- A filtered light thats used in a darkroom to allow you to see while handling light sensitive material.
14. Burning- increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker.
15. Dodging- decreases the exposure for areas of the print that the photographer wishes to be lighter.